| The cycle of the vineyards and man's enjoyment | | | | A major advance of medieval wine making was |
| of wine has continued throughout the ageswith | | | | the discovery of sulphur by the alchemists. |
| some of these intriguing differences... | | | | This was now used to preserve the wine. |
| ONCE UPON A TIME | | | | A PINCH OF THIS AND A PINCH OF THAT |
| Roman civilization was well versed in viticulture | | | | Spices were added to wine for the same reason |
| and wine making, but then the | | | | they were added to food: for variety and |
| Barbariansdestroyed their vineyards and turned | | | | todisguise it's lackluster or bad flavor. Spiced wines |
| them into pastureland and cornfields. Luckily, | | | | were called Piments. |
| Benedictine and other monks kept the art of | | | | When bad weather resulted in poor ripening of |
| viticulture alive at their monasteries. By the | | | | the grapes, flavors and herbs were often addedto |
| 12th century, viticulture was fully revived. | | | | the wine. The resulting beverage would then take |
| THEY WEREN'T SO FUSSY | | | | on the taste and character of theseadded |
| One of the major differences between today's | | | | ingredients. If the poor crop yielded grapes low in |
| wine connoisseurs and medieval man was | | | | sugar, medieval man sometimesadded cooked |
| thatback then they weren't so concerned with | | | | grape juice or honey to bring up the sugar levels |
| which exact vineyard a wine came from, but | | | | so the final alcohol contentwould increase. |
| ratherthe general area. The body of the wine was | | | | To clarify the wine, they used eggs, pine kernels, |
| more important than it's subtle flavors andaroma. | | | | peach stones or river pebbles. Honey |
| JUST BEING PRACTICAL | | | | wassometimes added to maintain the proper |
| Wine was mostly the drink of the upper classes | | | | color. |
| and rich merchants, while the lower | | | | Because their was so much unstable wine, many |
| classesgenerally drank beer, cider or mead. | | | | medieval vintners diligently tried to keeptheir |
| Also, in medieval times, much of the water was | | | | barrels and wine vessels as clean as possible. |
| tainted by sewage, so naturally, peoplepreferred | | | | Various methods to clean them wereused, |
| to drink wine. | | | | including scouring with cold water, old wine or salt |
| OTHER USES | | | | water. Sometimes they would thenfumigate them |
| Wine also served to relieve minor aches and pains. | | | | with rosemary or cedar wood. |
| In 1166, the vintages were so plentiful and there | | | | MEANWHILE, OUT IN THE GRAPE FIELDS |
| was such an over production of wine, that in | | | | Medieval viticulture's drawbacks were partly due |
| Franconia (a part of what is now Germany), they | | | | to slow technical progress in general duringthat |
| mixed wine with lime for use in | | | | time, and the cultivation of the vineyards was not |
| buildingconstruction. | | | | as advanced as it had been in Romantimes. |
| DRINK UP BEFORE IT GOES BAD | | | | One new development for the time was the use |
| In medieval times, the aging of wine wasn't | | | | of the "low vineyard". Vines started to be tiedto |
| important. This was partly due to the fact | | | | upright stakes and weren't allowed to be grown |
| thatmuch of the wine was too unstable to age | | | | over 4 feet high. |
| well anyway, and if air hit it, it might turn | | | | FROM MALMSEY TO MERLOT |
| tovinegar. One way to combat this problem was | | | | The most famous of medieval wines was |
| to use a thin film covering of olive oil. | | | | Malmsey. This was a sweet wine made from |
| Othermethods included adding burnt salt, mixing in | | | | grapesgrown primarily in Crete or Cyprus. We still |
| cloves, or plunging lighted torches dipped inpitch | | | | have a form of Malmsey today which is basically |
| into the wine. | | | | asweet type of Madeira wine. But today's wine |
| Vintners and wine sellers often just mixed good | | | | drinkers generally prefer drier, more |
| wine in with bad, at least until the practicewas | | | | complexwines than their medieval ancestors had |
| later forbidden. Others put cloves in wine to keep | | | | access to. |
| it from spoiling. | | | | |